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The pink-eared duck, Malacorhynchus membranaceus, and the blue-billed duck, Erismatura australis (lat.). G. J. Broinowski. The Birds of Australia composed of three hundred full-page illustrations. T.I, L.L. Melbourne, 1890
Original publication year: 1890
Original technique: chromolithography
Dimensions (WxH, cm): Image: 31.5x22
By: Breinowski, Gracius Joseph
Standard description:
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Pink-eared duck (Latin Malacorhynchus membranaceus)
a source
This unusual species of duck is named after the pink spot on the side of its head, but the main distinguishing feature of the pink-eared duck is, in fact, its beak. The large, flat, square beak and its special structure are used to filter microscopic plants and animals in the water, which make up a large part of the diet of this species.
Maintenance and care requirements
Despite the undemandingness of French hybrids, you need to take a responsible attitude to the organization of their maintenance and care for them. Ducks raised for meat as broilers and as breeders should live in a spacious room. Each duck must have at least 0.5 sq. m. area.
If the birds are forced to live in cramped conditions, they will not only fail to show their potential, but will also start to get sick.
A duckhouse for French ducks should be warm, light and dry. Dampness, stuffiness, cold or heat, drafts and air filled with ammonia are not allowed. The floor of the duck room must be covered with a layer of moisture-absorbing material - straw, peat, hay. You need to change it as soon as it gets dirty. Dirty litter is the cause of the spread of infections and digestive diseases, which leads to the death of birds.
House temperature and humidity range from 20 to 30 ˚С and 60-70%. Lighting in summer - natural, in winter - artificial, lasting 10-12 hours. If the daylight hours are shorter, layers will run worse. We must not forget about the daily airing of the poultry house. The fresh air that ducks breathe keeps them healthy.
Description and characteristics of ducks of the Cayuga breed, the pros and cons of their maintenanceRead
Like ducks of other breeds, ducks of French crosses need to be released for a walk - on a pond or a walking yard. Its area should be such that for each square. m. accounted for 1 bird. On the platform, you can put a container into which you can pour water for bathing. The ducks should spend at least 8 hours a day walking.
Zarechny Maxim Valerievich
Agronomist with 12 years of experience. Our best summer cottage expert.
Exercise has a positive effect on the physical and mental state of French ducks. They grow faster, get sick less, begin to rush more quickly, productivity increases, and the quality of meat improves.
Spectacled eider (Latin Somateria fischeri)
a source
Another species of eider with an incredibly unique face is the spectacled eider. The pale green spot of feathers on the back of the head and the bright orange beak in the males help further exaggerate the unique markings around the eyes. These beautiful birds are found in coastal areas of Alaska and Siberia, and nest in the tundra during the summer. The species is not well studied, not very common, and the number of individuals is declining. Breeding populations in western Alaska declined 96% from 1970 to 1993.
Appearance and characteristics of the breed
The French duck looks like a meat bird - with a strong constitution, massive, dense, with a lot of muscle mass, especially on the breast. Representatives of the cross grow rapidly, in 42 days of growing they reach a weight of 3.5 kg, while spending 1.88 feed per 1 kg of weight gain. units The plumage of ST5 is pure white, which allows you to receive income from the sale of a feather.
A heavy line of Peking ducks is raised as broilers, both in industrial factories and in households.
The description of the breed states that ducks can also be kept as good layers - in 1 season from each duck you can get, on average, 296 eggs, weighing 88 g each. If you get ducklings on your farm, then their survival rate is 96%.
Teal-kloktun (Anas formosa)
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Such a beautiful species of ducks that bird watchers can observe them for several hours. Teal-kloktun is mainly found in East Asia and sometimes, although rarely, in Alaska. Due to hunting and loss of habitats, the number of individuals of this species decreased significantly at the end of the 20th century, but now it continues to confidently recover.
Origin
Peking duck cross ST5 (ST5) bred in France. This is a poultry of meat direction, a hybrid is used for industrial cultivation. Cross is obtained from 4 selected pure lines of Peking breed. The cross was improved after 2004, now the company supplies poultry to 4 continents. Ducks have typical broiler characteristics, they feed quickly, for which they are appreciated by poultry farmers. Simultaneously with the Peking cross, the company introduced hybrids of musk ducks - the ST6 C and ST6 LC crosses.
Black mallard
Lives in East Asia: in the south of Eastern Siberia from Transbaikalia to Primorye, Southern Sakhalin, the southern Kuril Islands - Kunashir and Shikotan, in North-Western and Eastern Mongolia, on the Korean Peninsula, in China (except for the western half), on all Japanese islands and in Taiwan.
The total population size in nature is estimated at about 0.8-1.6 million individuals.
Killer whale (killer whale or oblique drake)
The killer whale breeds in eastern Asia.
Her nesting sites are located in Russia (Khabarovsk, Primorsky Territory, Amur Region, Chita, Buryatia, Irkutsk, Tuva, in the east of Krasnoyarsk Territory, southern and central Yakutia, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands), and in the extreme northeastern regions of North Korea, and in northern China (in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang), and in northern Japan (Hokkaido, Aomori). She is often found outside of her usual habitat. Often this beautiful duck is kept in captivity, thanks to which it has spread very widely. This makes it difficult to determine where she is from.
Outside the breeding season, these ducks gather in large flocks.
Marble (narrow-nosed) teal (Listed in the Red Book of Russia)
Marble teals are common from Spain to Central Asia. In Russia, presumably, this species was found in the Caspian region and the Volga delta (it even nested until 1920). However, after 1984, not a single meeting with these ducks within Russia was recorded.
Wintering sites of the marble teal are found in North Africa, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and northern India.Marble teal is protected in the Girkansky National Park, Barsakelme Nature Reserve, Yakutsk Zoo, Durrell Wildlife Park, Ishkol National Park.
The total number of these ducks is estimated at 50-55 thousand.
Stone
The moth is widespread in North-East Siberia, the Far East, North-West America, Greenland, Iceland. Inhabits high-mountainous areas, mainly rivers of the glacial zone. Most of the range is a migratory bird. Winters off the Pacific and Atlantic coasts located south of nesting sites. In winter, it stays at sea near rocky shores.
Long-tailed woman (sauk or alleyka)
Breeds throughout the northern polar latitudes, including in the tundra, forest-tundra and along the Arctic coast of Eurasia and North America, coastal areas of Greenland, Iceland, and on numerous islands.
In Northern Europe, it is distributed in the north of Scandinavia and in the Arctic regions of Russia. In Kamchatka, nests to the south up to about 60th parallel.
The species is characterized by uneven dispersal and sharp fluctuations in numbers from year to year within the same locality.
Winters in the sea south of the nesting area - along the western and eastern coasts of North America, south to northern California and North Carolina, on the Great Lakes and Hudson Bay, south of Greenland and Iceland, in Europe, mostly in the Baltic, as well as in the North sea and in the area of the northern British Isles, to the east on Lake Issyk-Kul, in the Far East along the coasts of Kamchatka, the island of Hokkaido and the Korean Peninsula.
Hump-nosed scooter
A rare breeding, numerous nomadic (flying), migratory and rare wintering species of Sakhalin.
From Russia, hump-nosed scoops fly away for wintering to the shores of the Japanese and Yellow Seas, on the coast of the North Pacific. Hump-nosed scooters build nests in the tundra and forest-tundra; they are also noted in the extreme east of the country - on Sakhalin.
On the territory of Russia, hump-nosed scooters nest, in particular, in Eastern Siberia, in the foothills of the Sayan Mountains, on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Ordinary scooper
The species lives in the north of Eurasia and North America. Birds nest in boreal coniferous forests and mountain lakes. Winters in the temperate zone, in Russia - on the Black and Caspian Seas.
Xinga
The nesting sites of the Singha are located in the north of the British Isles, Iceland and Scandinavia, in the north of Russia, in western Siberia. The blue duck hibernates in temperate regions in southern Spain and Morocco. In Asia, it more often winters in the coastal waters of Japan, China and Korea.
A sociable bird, it keeps on the sea in large flocks.
American (pacific singa)
American, or Pacific blueberry - Melanitta americana - lives from Scandinavia to the Lena River. In the European part of the archipelago it nests to the north up to the sea coast, in Siberia it does not nest on the coast.
American singa is widespread in the extreme northeast of Asia from the Lena-Yansky interfluve to the lower reaches of the Anadyr Kamchatka, northern Kuriles and Sakhalin. Sin'gi inhabit the lakes of the tundra zone and northern taiga.
Singa wintering grounds are located in the North Atlantic from the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula to the Azov Islands.
American Singhi winters on the Pacific coasts, and in Russia - near Eastern Kamchatka, the Commander and Kuril Islands.
Siberian eider (Steller's eider or lesser eider)
Like the spectacled eider, the center of its range is the Bering Sea. In Eastern Siberia, the duck nests along the coast of the Arctic Ocean westward to Yamal.
In Alaska, these birds are nesting from the lower Yukon south to the lower tip of the peninsula and east to the Mackenzie estuary. The settlements of this bird are also noted on Wrangel Island.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the eider sporadically nested on the Norwegian shores of the Varyazhsky Bay, and in the 1990s it was recorded in the Murmansk region and in the Kandalaksha Bay.
Comb eider
The distribution is circular, but birds are absent between Iceland and Norway, where the Gulf Stream makes the water too warm for them.
In Eurasia, it nests in the coastal strip from the Kanin Peninsula to the east to the eastern tip of Chukotka, further to the south and west to the Gulf of the Cross, as well as on the Arctic islands: Kolguev, Vaigach, Novaya Zemlya, Bely, Novosibirsk and Wrangel.
In the north of the European part, it arranges nests only on Spitsbergen, only occasionally appears to the west to Murman and Kandalaksha Bay in the White Sea.
Common eider
The main habitats are arctic, subarctic and northern with a temperate climate of the coasts of Canada, Europe and Eastern Siberia.
In Europe, the nominative subspecies mollissima is widespread - the habitat area covers the British Isles, the coastal waters of the North and Baltic Seas, the coast of Scandinavia, the Kola Peninsula and the White Sea south to Kandalaksha, east to Novaya Zemlya and Wrangel Island.
Possibly nests on the coast of the Kanina Peninsula. Since the second half of the 20th century, sedentary flocks of eiders have been found much to the south - on the Black Sea in the area of the Black Sea Nature Reserve.
Finally, in the northeast of Eurasia, the habitat area covers the coast from the Chaunskaya Bay to the east to the Bering Strait and further south to the northeastern shores of Kamchatka, as well as the northeastern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk from Tauiskaya Bay to the east to Penzhinskaya Bay.
Includes the islands of Novosibirsk, Vaygach, Wrangel, Karagin, Medny, Bering, Diomida.
Diet
Like any breed or cross between beef and broiler, French Orvia ducks are characterized by an accelerated metabolism. They eat a lot and often, absorb nutrients well from feed, converting them into muscle mass, that is, into meat. You can only achieve good results in feeding ducks if you approach this issue with full responsibility. You need to feed poultry, especially those fed for meat, at least 3 times a day, or even more often.
The diet consists of herbaceous and grain foods. Ducks eat soft food, better absorb nutrients from wet mash or crumbly cereals than from dry grains. They, unlike chickens, do not digest whole grains poorly, they need to be given a small section and preferably boiled. Add herbal chaff, grated vegetables and root vegetables to the mash or porridge, mix in chalk, salt, premixes.
French ducks love to swim and do not mind visiting the pond. If water is nearby, you can release birds into the pond. In their natural environment, they will find food, so there is almost no need to feed them.
Diseases and prevention from them
Subject to the conditions of hygiene, proper feeding, hybrids rarely get sick. They are characterized by health, endurance, activity. But if you neglect the conditions of detention, keep the bird in the mud, do not walk it, feed it badly or incorrectly, diseases will not slow down. Ducks of French crosses suffer from infectious diseases and pathologies of the digestive system, metabolic diseases. This leads to a deterioration in the performance of livestock, a slowdown in weight gain and mortality of poultry.
Prevention of infections and digestive diseases: regular cleaning in the house, timely feeding, water changes, daily walks. As well as disinfection of premises and equipment.
French ducks - new hybrids of Peking ducks and musk ducks - are bred for industrial use. But they can also be kept in the household. The technology of keeping and feeding, care and breeding is standard, so the poultry farmer should not have any difficulties. You can breed ducks for yourself or organize a small duck farm, crosses are suitable for organizing breeding for meat and making a profit.
